There is no medicine to treat or cure infection. To prevent getting sick from yellow fever, use insect repellent, wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants, and get vaccinated.
Yellow Fever. Section Navigation. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. These areas include parts of Africa, especially sub-Saharan Africa, tropical South America, and some parts of the Caribbean. Travelers should check if the area they are visiting requires a vaccination. A yellow fever vaccine taken 10 to 14 days before traveling provides effective protection from the disease.
Diagnosis will be confirmed after the doctor detects the signs and symptoms and carries out a blood test. A blood test may reveal the virus, or it may detect antibodies that the body produces when the virus enters the body. A blood test may also reveal a drop in white blood cells, or leucopenia, another sign of infection. There is no effective antiviral medication to treat yellow fever, so treatment consists of supportive care in a hospital.
This includes providing fluids, oxygen, making sure blood pressure is adequate, replacing lost blood, kidney dialysis if there is kidney failure, and treating any secondary infections. The patient should be kept away from mosquitoes. If a mosquito bites the patient, they will become infected and then pass the disease on to other people. They should not use aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs because of the risk of bleeding.
In , a study published in the journal PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases reported that changes in white blood cells could signal an early sign of fatal yellow fever. This, say the scientists, could lead to better diagnosis and treatment. In the past, yellow fever devastated communities, including those in the United States U.
In the middle of the 20th century, scientists developed a safe and effective vaccine that prevents yellow fever. Anyone traveling to an area where yellow fever is known to exist should find out about having the vaccine at least 10 to 14 days before departure. It is important for travelers to have the vaccination, to increase their protection and avoid spreading the disease to others.
Some immigration authorities will not allow travelers to enter a country without a valid vaccination certificate. After 30 days, 99 percent who receive the vaccination have complete protection. Skin repellents containing DEET or picaridin provide protection from mosquitoes for a longer time than other products. Home Topics Yellow fever. Key facts. Signs and symptoms Once contracted, the yellow fever virus incubates in the body for 3 to 6 days.
Diagnosis Yellow fever is difficult to diagnose, especially during the early stages. Transmission The yellow fever virus is an arbovirus of the flavivirus genus and is transmitted by mosquitoes, belonging to the Aedes and Haemogogus species.
There are 3 types of transmission cycles: Sylvatic or jungle yellow fever: In tropical rainforests, monkeys, which are the primary reservoir of yellow fever, are bitten by wild mosquitoes of the Aedes and Haemogogus species, which pass the virus on to other monkeys. Occasionally humans working or travelling in the forest are bitten by infected mosquitoes and develop yellow fever. Intermediate yellow fever: In this type of transmission, semi-domestic mosquitoes those that breed both in the wild and around households infect both monkeys and people.
Increased contact between people and infected mosquitoes leads to increased transmission and many separate villages in an area can develop outbreaks at the same time. This is the most common type of outbreak in Africa. Urban yellow fever: Large epidemics occur when infected people introduce the virus into heavily populated areas with high density of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and where most people have little or no immunity, due to lack of vaccination or prior exposure to yellow fever.
In these conditions, infected mosquitoes transmit the virus from person to person. Treatment Good and early supportive treatment in hospitals improves survival rates. Fact sheet. Your blood sample will be analyzed for the presence of the virus or for the antibodies meant to fight the virus.
Treatment involves managing symptoms and assisting your immune system in fighting off the infection by:. The WHO estimates that 50 percent of people who develop severe symptoms of this condition will die. Older adults and those with compromised immune systems are most at risk for serious complications. Vaccination is the only way to prevent yellow fever. The vaccine for yellow fever is given as a single shot.
It contains a live, weakened version of the virus that helps your body create immunity. The yellow fever 17D vaccine is among the most effective vaccines ever made. One shot lasts a lifetime.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC suggests that people between 9 months and 59 years old traveling to or living in an area where the risk of yellow fever is present should be vaccinated.
Other methods of prevention include using insect repellant, wearing clothing to reduce the number of mosquito bites, and staying inside during peak times when insects bite. Do you need the yellow fever vaccine but are worried about the side effects?
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