Which membranes line the lungs

The parietal pleura is separated from the thoracic wall by the endothoracic fascia , a thin layer of connective tissue located between the parietal pleura and the innermost intercostal muscles and membrane.

The parietal pleura is assigned specific names, depending on the structures that it lines. Mediastinal parietal pleura. Lines the lateral surface of the mediastinum the space between the lungs where the heart is located. Costal parietal pleura. Lines the internal surface of the ribs. Diaphragmatic parietal pleura. Lines the superior surface of the diaphragm. Cervical parietal pleura cupula. Extends above rib 1 to the root of the neck. Intercostal nerves supply the costal parietal pleura and the peripheral portion of the diaphragmatic parietal pleura.

Phrenic nerves supply the central portion of the diaphragmatic parietal pleura and the mediastinal parietal pleura. The parietal pleura is innervated by general sensory neurons, and therefore, it is sensitive to pain.

The parietal pleura receives its vascular supply via branches of the internal thoracic, superior phrenic, posterior intercostal, and superior intercostal arteries. The visceral pleura is intimately attached to each lung Your MyAccess profile is currently affiliated with '[InstitutionA]' and is in the process of switching affiliations to '[InstitutionB]'.

This div only appears when the trigger link is hovered over. Otherwise it is hidden from view. The system of bronchial branching looks so much like an upside-down tree that it is commonly called the "bronchial tree" see diagram.

The tree starts with the trachea, which is the airway supplying the lungs with air from the nose and mouth. It descends from the larynx to the superior border of T5, where it bifurcates into the right and left primary bronchi and enters the hilum of each lung. Each primary bronchi on entering the lung, divides into smaller secondary bronchi, one to each lobe of the lung. Within the substance of the lung the secondary bronchi give rise to the tertiary bronchi. The segment of tissue each tertiary bronchi supplies is called a bronchopulmonary segment.

Each bronchopulmonary segment contains many small components called lobules. A lymphatic vessel. The skin is an epithelial membrane also called the cutaneous membrane. It is a stratified squamous epithelial membrane resting on top of connective tissue. The apical surface of this membrane is exposed to the external environment and is covered with dead, keratinized cells that help protect the body from desiccation and pathogens.

Skip to main content. Chapter 4: The Tissue Level of Organization. Search for:. Body Membranes Learning Objectives Identify the main types of tissue membranes. Synovial membranes are connective tissue membranes that line the cavities of the freely movable joints such as the shoulder, elbow, and knee. Like serous membranes, they line cavities that do not open to the outside. Unlike serous membranes, they do not have a layer of epithelium.

Synovial membranes secrete synovial fluid into the joint cavity, and this lubricates the cartilage on the ends of the bones so that they can move freely and without friction. The connective tissue covering on the brain and spinal cord , within the dorsal cavity , are called meninges.