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Did you know that common vein conditions can make your legs achy, crampy, and downright painful? How Smoking Affects Your Veins. But e-cigarettes , with their sleek, USB bodies and mango-flavored cartridges, promised a sweeter, safer future. No tar, no combustion, no problem. But that picture is getting more complicated.
Last week, the Centers for Disease Control announced that it is opening an investigation into the health effects of smoking e-cigarettes, after nearly teenagers in 14 states reported lung illnesses related to vaping.
The cases, which were primarily reported among teenagers and young adults, were so severe that some patients were hospitalized and put on ventilators. So a study out Tuesday in the journal Radiology comes not a moment too soon. In it, researchers show that inhaling e-cigarette vapor—just the vapor, without any nicotine or flavorings —has an immediate, negative impact on the vascular system.
E-cigarettes first appeared on the market in and in the years since, vaping among teens has skyrocketed. The CDC estimates that one in five high school students use e-cigarettes. Yet not much is known about the harms associated with e-cigarettes. But e-cigarettes contain more than nicotine, and the bulk of research so far has largely overlooked how these other ingredients affect users. Cells cultured in the presence of nicotine or VEGF also assembled themselves into whorls in the tissue culture dish -- perhaps a preliminary step to forming new blood vessels.
Chemicals that block nicotine's binding to the receptor also blocked proliferation of the cells. The researchers also found that nicotine enhanced the vascularization of discs implanted under the skin of mice as well as another naturally occurring compound, known as fibroblast growth factor. The discs cause inflammation, which frequently stimulates new blood vessel growth. To test the ability of nicotine to restore blood flow in oxygen-starved tissue, the researchers tied off a main artery that supplies blood to one hind limb in mice, and then injected nicotine daily into the affected leg.
After three weeks the nicotine-injected limbs sported a higher blood vessel density and were receiving more blood flow than those that had been injected with a saline solution. Finally, the researchers tested nicotine's effect on diseases such as lung cancer and atherosclerosis. They found after only a few days that lung cancer cells implanted under the skin or in the lung tissue of animals who drank nicotine-laced water grew much more quickly and were more densely packed with blood vessels than cancers in animals who were not exposed to nicotine.
Mice bred to accumulate plaque in the linings of their arteries also suffered from nicotine exposure. The plaque blockages grew more quickly and were thicker in these mice than in the control animals. The acceleration of tumor and plaque growth raises a concern about the use of nicotine in patches or gum as an adjunct to smoking-cessation programs. However, Cooke pointed out that "it is critical for people to stop smoking because of the strong evidence that tobacco markedly increases your risk of heart attack, stroke, cancer and lung disease.
Therefore, the benefits of nicotine patches and gums far outweigh the risks when the products are used as directed.
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