Different colors are refracted by different angles because they have different wavelengths. As a result, when white light is refracted, it is separated into different colors, known as dispersion of light. A rainbow is an excellent demonstration of the dispersion of light. After or during rainfall, you can see a rainbow if the sunlight hits the water droplets in the air at the right angle.
Another way to see the spectrum of colors that comprise the white light is by placing a glass prism under strong sunlight. In the air, there are many tiny air molecules. On a clear day, sunlight passing through the atmosphere is scattered by air molecules. Scattering is stronger with shorter wavelengths. Among visible colors, the blue-violet end of the color spectrum has the shortest wavelengths. So the blue-violet colors are scattered more than the red-orange colors.
Although violet is scattered more than blue because its wavelength is shorter, our eyes are more sensitive to blue than to violet. This is why the sky is blue during the day. To summarize, the sky is blue because the blue color inside the sunlight is scattered more by air molecules and is perceived better by our eyes. The reason why the white suspension turns blue is similar to the reason why the sky is blue although not exactly the same reason. The sky is blue because of Rayleigh Scattering.
The white fluid turns blue because of Tyndall Scattering, an effect closely related to Rayleigh Scattering. Tyndall Scattering , named after renown Irish physicist, John Tyndall, is the phenomena of scattering of light by small particles in a colloid or a very fine suspension. Similar to Rayleigh scattering, the intensity of the scattered light depends on the wavelength of the light. The shorter the wavelength, the stronger the scattering. The white light has all the colors in it.
In our upper atmosphere, we have dust particles and oxygen molecules. The white light meaning all of the colors in a rainbow shines through the upper levels of the atmosphere and the blue light scatters across the entire planet. That is why our sky is blue. Now, during sunrise and sunset, the light traveling through atmosphere is longer at the horizon, then if you were to look up high in the sky. There are more dust particles and oxygen molecules at the horizon, so that is why you see such pretty colors like red, oranges and yellows.
How do we get rainbows? Rainbows are spectacular rays of color. Sunlight looks white, but it's really made up of different colors The sun makes rainbows when white sunlight passes through rain drops.
The raindrops act like tiny prisms. They bend the different colors in white light, so the light spreads out into a band of colors that can be reflected back to you as a rainbow.
Where do you look for a rainbow? Three conditions must be met in order for you to see a rainbow. First, it must be raining. Second, the sun must be shining.
For this reason, many cultures - including some Australian Aboriginal groups - associate lunar eclipses with blood. Rayleigh scattering works on other planets, too. Did you know that the sky on Mars is also blue?
When there are no big storms kicking red dust into the air, that is! This is a tricky question. But so do aeroplanes, and they fly more than 10, metres overhead.
A majority of our atmosphere extends about 16 km upward, and this is where most of the Rayleigh scattering happens.
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