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While people can have allergic reactions to beef, pork , lamb, game, or poultry, meat allergy is a less common cause of food allergy compared to cow's milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, wheat, shellfish, and fish.
Part of this is due to the fact that many of the proteins in meat that can trigger an allergy known as allergens become less allergenic when meat is cooked.
While there is no known cure for a meat allergy, such an allergy is rare and the symptoms may often recede over time. With a true meat allergy, the body's immune system will overreact whenever you consume meat for reasons not entirely understood. The body reacts by releasing a chemical known as histamine into the bloodstream.
Histamine can trigger immediate and sometimes profound effects, causing blood vessels to dilate and mucus-producing cells to activate, leading to an array of dermatologic, gastrointestinal, and respiratory symptoms, including:. Depending on your sensitivity to the specific meat allergen, symptoms may develop rapidly or over the course of hours.
Those that appear rapidly tend to be severe and, in rare cases, may lead to a life-threatening, all-body reaction known as anaphylaxis. Without immediate treatment, anaphylaxis can cause fainting, coma, shock, cardiac or respiratory failure, and even death. In meat allergies most specifically red meat allergies , delayed reactions can be severe.
With almost every other type of food allergy, a delayed response is typically manageable. Not so with a red meat allergy: Anaphylaxis can occur many hours after meat has been consumed. A meat allergy can develop at any stage in life, and certain people are at greater risk, including those with specific blood types, past infections, tick bites, atopic dermatitis, or co-existing food allergies. As with all allergies, the underlying cause of a meat allergy is unknown. With that being said, scientists have gained greater insights into the key factors that trigger red meat allergies and poultry allergies, respectively.
Red meat allergy, also called mammalian meat allergy MMA or alpha-gal allergy, occurs most frequently in people with an A or O blood type. According to researchers, this is because the B antigen in AB or B blood types most resembles the allergen that triggers a meat allergy, providing those individuals with an innate protection. With regards to beef, lamb, pork, and other mammalian meats, the allergen in question is a specific sugar molecule, a type known as alpha-gal sugar found in almost every mammal except humans.
This specific sugar molecule is not what makes the sugar that is commonly found in cookies, cakes, and other sweet foods, and you do not need to read labels to specifically avoid "sugar" if you are found to be allergic to alpha-gal. While an A or O blood type may increase a person's risk of a meat allergy, research suggests that certain infections or co-existing allergies may trigger a symptomatic response or amplify its effects.
One of the most common triggers is the bite of a lone star tick named for the single white marking on its back. It is found primarily in the Southern and Central United States but expanding elsewhere. It can be costly and time-consuming. In some cases it is potentially dangerous, so it is not routinely performed to confirm an allergy when the clinical history and testing are consistent with a food allergy. During an oral food challenge, the patient is fed tiny amounts of the suspected trigger food in increasing doses over a period of time under strict supervision by an allergist.
Emergency medication and emergency equipment are on hand during this procedure. Oral food challenges also may be performed to determine if a patient has outgrown a food allergy. Once a meat allergy is diagnosed, the best treatment is to avoid the trigger. Carefully check ingredient labels of food products and learn whether what you need to avoid is known by other names.
Be extra careful when you eat out. Waiters, and sometimes the kitchen staff, may not always know the ingredients of every dish on the menu. Anyone with a food allergy must make some changes in what they eat.
Your allergist can direct you to helpful resources, including special cookbooks, patient support groups, and registered dietitians who can help you plan meals. A food allergy, including a meat allergy, can cause symptoms that range from mild to life-threatening; the severity of each reaction is unpredictable.
People who have previously experienced only mild symptoms may suddenly experience a more severe reaction, including anaphylaxis. In the US, food allergy is the leading cause of anaphylaxis outside the hospital setting. Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis, which results when exposure to an allergen triggers a flood of chemicals that can send your body potentially into shock if not treated promptly. Anaphylaxis can occur within seconds or minutes, can worsen quickly, and can be deadly.
Check the expiration date of your auto-injector, note the expiration date on your calendar, and ask your pharmacy about reminder services for prescription renewals. If possible, have two epinephrine auto-injectors available, especially if you are going to be far from emergency care, as the severe reaction may reoccur. Epinephrine should be used immediately if you experience severe symptoms such as shortness of breath, repetitive coughing, generalized hives, tightness in your throat, trouble breathing or swallowing, or a combination of symptoms from different body areas such as hives, rashes, or swelling on the skin coupled with vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal pain.
Even if you are uncertain whether a reaction calls for epinephrine, you should use it, as the benefits of epinephrine far outweigh the risk. Common side effects of epinephrine may include anxiety, restlessness, dizziness, and shakiness.
If you have certain pre-existing conditions, you may be at a higher risk for adverse effects with epinephrine. They also recommend that parents and children follow…. If you have a gluten intolerance, you need to avoid any food that contains this protein. Here are 8 food groups to avoid with a gluten intolerance —…. Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Food allergies. The big eight. Share on Pinterest. Red meat. Sesame seeds. Dried fruit.
Hot dogs. When to see a doctor. Read this next. Yeast Allergy. Medically reviewed by Stacy Sampson, D. The 8 Most Common Food Allergies. Medically reviewed by Elaine K. Luo, M. MSG Symptom Complex. Carrie Cross has been writing for profit and pleasure for more than 35 years. Her background includes business, real estate, entrepreneurship, management, health and nutrition. A registered nurse, she has published various pieces, including web content, numerous newspaper and magazine articles and columns and six books.
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